Simeon looked for Israel's consolation at the advent of the Messiah ( Luke 2:25-26 ). This is paralleled in the Gospels, where the word "hope" is not very frequent but the idea of looking expectantly is. In the Old Testament hope has to do with waiting for, looking for, desiring. In other words, the gifts of love and of the Spirit are downpayments of future glory for which we hope ( Rom 5:2 cf. The reason is that we already have a taste of the future glory because of the love with which the Holy Spirit fills our hearts. Parallel to those passages in the Old Testament where those who hope are not put to shame, Paul says hope does not disappoint us ( Rom 5:5 ). As Jeremiah proclaims that God is the hope of Israel, Paul announces that Jesus Christ is our hope ( 1 Tim 1:1 ). Just as the Old Testament emphasizes hope as trust, Paul writes about setting our hope on God ( 1 Tim 4:10 ) and on Christ ( Eph 1:12 ).
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The New Testament consistently uses the verb elpizo and the noun elpis for hope. God will "swallow up death forever" ( Isa 25:7 ), and the dead will rise again (26:19) this is the salvation for which the faithful wait ( 25:9 ). At that point hope became more focused on the next world, especially on the resurrection. Toward the end of the Old Testament God made known his plan to bring his everlasting kingdom to earth ( Dan 2:44 7:13-14 ) and to raise the dead ( 12:2 ). Only those still living could hope ( Ecclesiastes 9:4-6 Ecclesiastes 9:10 ), as salvation was for this life. Those who descend to the grave have no hope ( Isa 38:18-19 ).
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In early passages there are few expressions of hope for the next world. Israelites trusted God to provide land, peace, and prosperity. The beleaguered hoped to be delivered from their enemies ( Psalm 25 ) the sick hoped to recover from illness ( Isa 38:10-20 ). Besides waiting in eager expectation for God, one may wait or hope for his teaching ( Isa 42:4 ) and for his salvation ( Psalm 119:166 ).įor much of the Old Testament period hope was centered on this world. One may put one's hope in his steadfast love ( Psalm 33:18 ), in his ordinances ( Psalm 119:43 ), and in his word ( Psalms 119:49 Psalms 119:74 Psalms 119:81 Psalms 119:114 Psalms 119:147 ). God is the true object of hope, but occasionally there are others. "I waited patiently for the Lord" ( Psalm 40:1 130:5-6 ).īecause of the close connection between hope and trust and because of the requirement to trust in God alone, a number of passages warn against trust in other things. Psalm 40 is a psalm of thanksgiving that recounts the suffering of an individual whose hope was realized. Twenty-seven times qawa comes into the Greek Old Testament as hupomeno, "to wait, " "to be patient, " "to endure." Where suffering is present, the term may indicate that the individual is bearing affliction patiently while hopefully waiting for the Lord's deliverance. From "looking for" or "expecting" it is a small semantic shift to desiring ( Isa 26:8 ). Looking with expectation is akin to hoping ( Job 6:19 Jer 8:15 ). God is able to bring about the realization of one's hopes. God promises that those who wait for him will not be disappointed ( Isa 49:23 ).
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"May those who hope in you not be disgraced" ( Psalm 69:6 cf. Sometimes expressions of hope are accompanied by the prayer that the supplicant will not be ashamed, that is, disappointed. In times of trouble one should wait for the Lord, who will turn things around ( Psalm 25:21 27:14 40:1 130:5 ). In the Old Testament believers are encouraged to wait for God hopefully, expectantly. Another noun from the same root, tiqwa, is often also translated "hope" meaning "trust." Similarly, the verb qawa is parallel to batah, "to trust, " in Psalm 25:2-3. He also uses a noun formed from the root qwh to teach that the Lord is the hope of Israel (14:8 17:13 50:7), which means that Israel's God is worthy of trust.
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One of them, qawa, may denote "hope" in the sense of "trust, " as when Jeremiah addresses God, "Our hope is in you" ( Jer 14:22 ). There are several Hebrew verbs that may in certain contexts be translated "to hope" in English. To trust in, wait for, look for, or desire something or someone or to expect something beneficial in the future. Bible Dictionaries - Baker's Evangelical Dictionary of Biblical Theology - Hope Hope